Energy Demands of Storing Hydrogen (H2) and Ammonia (NH3)

Hydrogen (H₂)

Liquefying hydrogen requires cooling below -253°C, the energetic cost of which amounts to ~44.7% of the energy contained in the gas phase (Dias et al. 2020). Although cryogenic storage of hydrogen uses thick vessels that meet stringent sealing and insulation standards, additional energy losses occur due to evaporation (or boil-off) at a rate of about 0.520% of the total volume per day (Al-Breiki and Bicer 2020).